How Insect Pheromones Are Released and Detected
Insect pheromone molecules are very important building blocks in trapping to eliminate pests.It is delivered via a release source to a recipient primarily through the medium air or water.There are two ways for odor molecules to diffuse in air or water, one is the diffusion of Brownian motion; the other is the conduction caused by the flow of the medium.according totrapIt is reported that in static air, only 10% of molecules with a molecular weight of 100-300 (including most insect pheromones) can move one centimeter in one second, and move even slower in water;
Therefore, the transmission of insect pheromones is mainly through air flow, that is, relying on the effect of wind, from upwind to downwind, forming a certain concentration gradient during the diffusion process, or called a sex pheromone belt, which accepts individual concentration gradients to move or fly in the opposite direction until they reach the sex pheromone release source.
The receiving system for insect pheromones is the insect's antennae or sensory hairs.The antennae are composed of antennal hairs.It is a structure with gaps.The odor binds to receptors in the antennal cells through the pores, generating nerve impulses that transmit sex pheromones to the central nervous system, resulting in various behavioral responses, such as directional flight, wing vibrations, and tail crossing.Traps represent receptors for insect pheromones that possess the properties of eggs.Due to the particularity of the spatial structure of the receptor, different species of insects can distinguish small differences in the molecular structure of sex pheromone.
It can distinguish between different official energy groups such as an OH, ~CHO, a COOH, double bond position (positional isomers), geometric isomers and optical isomers.trapTake two leaf roller moths as an example: their distribution, occurrence time and host crops are the same, and the delivery time is the same.10FE (female equivalent) crude extracts from the abdomens of two female moths were placed in the same field, only about one meter apart.Therefore, they attract the same male moth and are not confused with each other, which fully reflects the high specificity and specificity of the sex pheromone receiving system, and also fully illustrates the important role of insect sex pheromones in interspecific reproductive isolation.
